Basic principles of space theory in a constructivist epistemological approach

Abstract

The introduction of the study deals with one of the great questions concerning scientific objectivity. The author provides a detailed discussion of the philosophical forerunners of constructivism and the process of knowing, after which he seeks to outline his own (non-radical) constructivist approach. The main themes of constructivism are discussed with a view to their application in spatial theory. Space, according to the author’s interpretation, refers to social constructions created during the process of observation on the basis of various relations (structures) rooted in existence. A circular causation, a dialectical interaction exists between existence and cognition. Space is a prerequisite for existence, shared understanding (the historical a priori perspective) and orientation in the world. This order – “system” or “structure” – does not exist the way physical entities do, it constitutes the condition of existence, the manifestation of the content. Besides entertaining the notion of open space, the author considers the concept of autopoiesis to be appropriate for both making a distinction between closed spatial entities and explaining their functioning. A concrete spatial unit (e.g. settlement, region, civil community, company – depending on the context) is a self-constructed and self-created entity. The operation of each unit or system is (spatially) distinct and unique, and it remains an autonomous entity as long as its existence, its operation or its activities do not conflict with the environment to such an extent that they destroy the relations and functions which assured their co-existence or cohesion. As a conclusion of the study, the formation of regions as a possible example of a practical application of the constructivist theory is discussed.