The layers of Moldavian identity

Abstract

The theoretical framework of this study into the contested identity of the Moldavian population follows postcolonial approaches for a post-Soviet context. It tries to avoid naturalising differences and moves beyond still relevant structuralist and essentialist positions. Instead of biased hegemonic Western formulae and assumptions derived from Cold War dichotomies, our examination employs post-socialist points of view to shine a light on the complex imbrications of the Moldavian layers of identity. The paper is conceptually rooted in scales of analysis, ranging from local to supranational. But the hybrid, complex and fractured traits of the Moldavian identity cannot be reduced to a constructivist logic, hence differentiation of characteristics by scales is the heuristic tool of choice.

As our study points out, from a local point of view and for the purpose of today’s Moldavian self-definition, the rural character of the population and the intensifying urban-rural splits were the most significant. The still-evolving differences between Moldovan urban spaces are reminders of the relevance of geographical place. Further characteristics refer to the peculiar circumstances of resisting Romanian centralisation endeavours especially by rural (allegedly Romanian) inhabitants, and the conservation (or even deepening) of urban-rural inequalities of the Soviet era. The assessment of the Moldavian identity differs also according to region. Political debates on the Moldavian territory are far from over, resulting in either enhanced migration or forced expulsions that created cultural cleavages and existential and social dividing lines. Not surprisingly, in now autonomous Gagauzia and separatist Transnistria, the emergence of a Moldavian identity and a rapprochement with Romania are still not unequivocal.

Therefore, the Moldavian identity is so inextricably intertwined in time and space that instead of a singular and overarching frame of a putative Moldavian nationalism, multiple nationalisms were at stake, influenced altogether by premodern elements, projects of elites and modernity, and self-defence mechanisms against exclusion and opposition. Language issues, too, have played a significant role in nation-building projects. In addition, a permanent geopolitical buffer zone stretches along the Republic of Moldova as nationalist sentiments have been stoked by the interests of remote centres of power. Globalisation also affects identities in multiple ways. As sub- and supranational level feelings are gathering momentum, nation-building projects face challenging obstacles. In conclusion, a blend of scales of analysis featuring local, regional national and even global cultural flows argue for a fluid and dynamic conceptualisation of the Moldavian national identity.